The predecessor to the hot chocolate we enjoy today was the Aztec drink xocoatl. Mayan Indians first harvested Cacoa beans from Cacoa pods and frequently traded them to the neighboring Aztecs. Cacoa beans may also have been given as tribute to the more warlike Aztecs. The Aztecs ground the beans into a bitter, base paste, which they mixed with water and spices to form the drink xocoatl. Aztecs later cultivated the cacao tree themselves and appointed their god Quetzalcoatl as the guardian of the cacao tree. Aztec Emperor Montezuma is quoted as having said of xocoatl: "The divine drink, which builds up resistance and fights fatigue. A cup of this drink permits a man to walk a whole day without food." It is recorded that Montezuma drank fifty goblets of xocoatl each day.
Hernan Cortez is credited with introducing the drink to Europeans. Cortez established a cocoa plantation in Mexico in 1519 after looking the Indians using the beans as a form of currency. A year later Cortez introduced the xocoatl drink to the court of Spanish King Charles V. Instead of the spices used by the Aztecs, the Spaniards began the tradition of adding a sweetener, probably cane sugar syrup obtained also from the New World. The Spanish had strangeness pronouncing the Indian word "xocoatl" and changed the name of their new beverage to "chocolat." Although chocolat speedily became favorite across Spain, the Spanish managed to keep it underground from the rest of Europe for a hundred years. During those hundred years many experiments in partially fermenting and then roasting the cocoa beans added increasing richness to the flavor of the drink.
In 1615 Spanish Princess Anna of Austria introduced chocolat to her new husband King Louis Xiii. The drink became fashionable within Louis' court and news speedily spread to Italy and later to Austria. A Frenchman opened the first café specializing in chocolat in London in 1657. The English changed the name of the drink to "chocolate." The involving new drink speedily gained in popularity across Europe. Who it is that first warmed their chocolate drink to make "hot chocolate" is unknown. By 1657 chocolatier David Chaillou had opened the first chocolate house in Paris and served hot chocolate.
The warm, foamy drink we know today owes its true origin to Dutchman Hendrick Van Houten. In April, 1828 Van Houten patented a process whereby a press is used to squeeze ground cocoa beans to citation the natural fat also known as cocoa butter. Cocoa butter makes up about half of the weight of a cocoa bean. The pressed cake that remains after extracting the cocoa butter is cooled, pulverized and sifted into cocoa powder. Van Houten also discovered that by adding alkali-potash to the beans before they are roasted the acidic taste of the cocoa is neutralized. The process became known as "Dutching" and has been used ever since. Even today you will sometimes hear hot chocolate referred to as "dutch chocolate."
